Germany saw a 55% drop in net immigration in 2023, with 663,000 net migrants compared to over 1.4 million in 2022. This decline is mainly due to a significant decrease in Ukrainian immigrants, from 1.09 million in 2022 to 276,000 in 2023.

There were also decreases in immigrants from Romania and Bulgaria, while Turkish immigration increased by 56%. Despite the drop, net migration remains high historically.

Additionally, Germany's birth rate fell by 6.2%, and the elderly population is projected to grow by over 13% by 2024. A new law now facilitates quicker citizenship for foreign residents.

Immigration remains a key political issue in Scotland. Post-Brexit, UK immigration has surged, impacting public services and housing. Scottish parties favour different approaches due to ageing demographics, with some advocating for more welcoming policies controlled by Holyrood.

In 2023, the UK saw 1.2 million arrivals and 532,000 departures, with non-EU migrants making up 85% of arrivals. Scotland received 6% of net migrants, mainly students.

Attitudes towards immigration in Scotland and the rest of the UK are similar, with mixed views on its benefits. Scottish parties propose various immigration policies to address demographic challenges and economic needs.

In 2023, deportations for immigration violations in Japan surged by over 65%, following the lifting of COVID-19 border restrictions. Deportations rose to 8,024 from 4,795 in 2022. Nearly doubling from the previous year, 18,198 foreign nationals faced deportation procedures.

Overstayers and violators faced deportation and a five-year reentry ban, while those voluntarily reporting to authorities received lenient orders, allowing reentry after one year.

Vietnam had the highest number of violators, followed by Thailand and China. The Kanto region had the most illegal workers. Most violations involved overstaying and illegal employment.